Brookings: Topics - Climate and Energy Economics

The Global Recession and Climate Change

Fri, 13 Nov 2009 13:32:00 GMT

Delaying national commitments to reach reduced greenhouse gas emissions will be more costly for national governments in the long run. Nonresident Senior Fellow Warwick McKibbin says the floundering global economy is a critical factor in what actions can be taken now.

The Senate's Climate Change Bill and the Outlook for Copenhagen

Fri, 06 Nov 2009 10:33:00 GMT

The Senate Environment and Public Works Committee approved a climate change bill last week despite a boycott from Republican committee members. Fellow Adele Morris examines the legislation and what policymakers will be able to offer at the climate change talks in Copenhagen next month.

Designing a Cap-and-Trade System for the United States

Wed, 04 Nov 2009 15:30:00 GMT

Event Information:

November 04, 2009, 3:30 PM to 5:00 PM

As attention to U.S. climate legislation has been increasing on Capitol Hill, Brookings hosted a discussion on a new series of papers on U.S. climate policy design. These papers acknowledge the complexity inherent in climate policy; explain the fundamental challenges involved in addressing a particular set of design features; and suggest a credible path forward, calling attention to tradeoffs where they exist.

U.S. Industry and Cap-and-Trade: Designing Provisions to Maintain Domestic Competitiveness and Mitigate Emissions Leakage

Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT

A number of climate policy observers and U.S. policymakers have expressed concerns about the implications of climate policy for the U.S. industrial base. In this paper, Carolyn Fischer and Richard Morgenstern show that specific concerns about industrial competitiveness and emissions leakage could be realistically addressed in the context of a cap-and-trade system without unduly distorting the incentives that are essential to realizing an economically efficient outcome.

Equity and Efficiency in Cap-And-Trade: Effectively Managing the Emissions Allowance Supply

Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT

A cap-and-trade system of the sort envisioned by the current generation of Congressional proposals would create a new market in carbon allowances worth potentially hundreds of billions of dollars. In this paper, Adele Morris discusses the likely distributional implications of a U.S. cap-and-trade system and how policymakers could manage these implications by altering the way in which allowances or allowance revenues are distributed throughout the broader economy.

Climate Change at the G-20 Summit

Thu, 24 Sep 2009 10:37:00 GMT

Crafting global policy to address climate change is a priority for leaders attending the G-20 Summit in Pittsburgh. Nonresident Senior Fellow Warwick McKibbin previews the talks, noting the complexities the leaders face in finding the common ground necessary to tackle this consuming issue.

Market Oversight for Cap-and-Trade: Efficiently Regulating the Carbon Derivatives Market

Thu, 17 Sep 2009 00:00:00 GMT

Craig Pirrong writes that current legislative attempts to regulate derivatives trading in the climate and energy context are severely misguided. While arguing that the ex post enforcement regime should be strengthened to deter price manipulation, he suggests that overly restrictive clearing and exchange requirements will dramatically increase the costs of managing carbon price risk.

G-20 Summit: Recovering from the Crisis

Thu, 17 Sep 2009 00:00:00 GMT

On September 24, President Obama will chair his first G-20 Summit in Pittsburgh. With the world economy improving, leaders will now focus their attention on economic recovery and restoring financial stability. Experts from Brookings Global Economy and Development program analyze top issues to be addressed at the summit and provide recommendations on how to effectively overcome global economic and governance challenges to ensure recovery now and to prevent future crises.

Emissions Targets in Cap-and-Trade: Choosing Reduction Goals Compatible with Global Climate Stabilization

Thu, 17 Sep 2009 00:00:00 GMT

Binding greenhouse gas emissions targets are the backbone of any cap-and-trade system, but the appropriate stringency of domestic reductions remains an unresolved issue in US legislation. In this paper, Bryan Mignone shows how available scientific information could be coupled with a variety of judgments about climate risk and international burden-sharing to yield a plausible range of domestic cap-and-trade targets.

Cost Containment for Cap-and-Trade: Designing Effective Compliance Flexibility Mechanisms

Thu, 17 Sep 2009 00:00:00 GMT

Concerns about the economic costs of climate policy and the potential for volatility in the future carbon market have led to a proliferation of possible mechanisms to mitigate these concerns. Bryan Mignone shows how a coherent "cost containment" policy could be constructed by considering two key substantive objectives – price stability and cost viability – and then tailoring policy instruments to meet these objectives.

Beyond the Smart Grid: Challenges in the Electricity Markets

Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:45:00 GMT

Event Information:

September 11, 2009, 8:45 AM to 1:00 PM

On September 11, the Brookings Institution’s Energy Security Initiative and Metropolitan Policy Program hosted a discussion on the challenges of modernizing the electricity grid.

Climate Change Policy: Recommendations to Reach Consensus

Thu, 10 Sep 2009 00:00:00 GMT

As the financial crisis continues to take its toll on the global economy, another serious challenge looms large: preventing the planet from warming more than 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Brookings experts and colleagues from the public and private sectors develop strategies and provide recommendations to policymakers who are now faced with the daunting task of stabilizing the climate without dampening economic recovery.

A Copenhagen Collar: Achieving Comparable Effort Through Carbon Price Agreements

Fri, 28 Aug 2009 00:00:00 GMT

The global financial crisis proves how unforeseen macroeconomic conditions can affect policies aimed at reducing and stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions. This paper outlines an example that shows that a price collar can have a negligible expected impact on the outcome that matters most for the climate—increasing emissions.

Climate Change, Trade, and Competitiveness: Is a Collision Inevitable? : Brookings Trade Forum 2008/2009

Fri, 31 Jul 2009 12:00:00 GMT

Brookings Trade Forum provides comprehensive analysis on current and emerging issues of international trade and macroeconomics. Practitioners and academics contribute to each volume, with papers that provide an in-depth look at a particular topic. The 2008/2009 edition focuses on climate policy and its impact on trade.

Consequences of Alternative U.S. Cap-and-Trade Policies: Controlling Both Emissions and Costs

Mon, 27 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT

Brookings experts Adele Morris, Peter Wilcoxen and Warwick McKibbin analyze the economic effects of a potential U.S. cap-and-trade program and offer insights to policy-makers on how to limit climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions with little risk to the economy.

Time for a Price Collar on Carbon

Fri, 24 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT

As the Senate moves to consider the House approved cap-and-trade legislation, hurdles still remain. Brookings experts Adele Morris, Peter Wilcoxen and Warwick McKibbin argue that sponsors of the Senate cap-and-trade bill could strengthen its prospects by establishing a price collar as a way to make it more politically and economically attractive.

Climate Change and Vulnerable Societies

Thu, 23 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT

Kemal Derviş testified before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on America’s critical role in supporting climate change adaptation in the world’s most vulnerable communities. Derviş stressed that although global economies are facing serious financial challenges, time is of the essence to protect those most affected. He provided recommendations to enact globally acceptable and enforceable policies to tackle climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

The Scouting Report: Can the World Stop Global Warming?

Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:30:00 GMT

Event Information:

July 22, 2009, 12:30 PM to 01:30 PM

Brookings Managing Director William Antholis, who served at the National Security Council during the Kyoto Protocol negotiations, and Fred Barbash, senior editor of Politico, took questions on the domestic and international implications of climate change and the outlook for international cooperation on addressing global warming in this edition of the Scouting Report.

Carbon Offsets, Reversal Risk and U.S. Climate Policy

Fri, 10 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT

One controversial issue in the larger cap-and-trade debate is the proper use and certification of carbon offsets related to changes in land management. Bryan Mignone, Matthew Hurteau, Yihsu Chen and Brent Sohngen show how reversal risk associated with such instruments could be properly internalized in a crediting framework and how this framework itself could be used to manage prices in the future carbon market.

All Cost, No Gain

Mon, 06 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT

In this op-ed, Ted Gayer argues that in supplementing their cap-and-trade program with expensive mandates, Congress levies heavy costs with no environmental gain.

The Scouting Report: Climate Change Moves to the Senate

Wed, 01 Jul 2009 12:30:00 GMT

Event Information:

July 01, 2009, 12:30 PM to 01:30 PM

In the July 1 edition of The Scouting Report, Brookings expert Adele Morris and Senior Politico Editor Fred Barbash took questions on climate change legislation as it moves to the Senate.

The Economic Impact of Climate Change Reduction Strategies

Mon, 08 Jun 2009 10:30:00 GMT

Event Information:

June 08, 2009, 10:30 AM to 12:00 PM

On June 8, the Brookings Institution hosted a preview of a forthcoming report on the economic impact of climate change reduction strategies by Brookings experts Warwick McKibbin, Adele Morris and Peter Wilcoxen.

Hybrid Fusion Systems: What Can They Do and Can They Do It Soon

Tue, 19 May 2009 08:00:00 GMT

Event Information:

May 19, 2009, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM
May 20, 2009, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM

On May 19 and 20, the Center for Hydrogen Fusion Power at New York University’s Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and the Brookings Institution co-sponsored the conference Hybrid Fusion Systems: What Can They Do and Can They Do It Soon. The conference considered the role of current and near-term energy future technologies in the larger energy environment and the current regulatory picture. Presenters explored interdisciplinary topics such as: fusion, fission, and hybrid systems, waste treatment, non-proliferation, and regulation.

Controlling Climate Change

Wed, 22 Apr 2009 11:27:10 GMT

Nearly 40 years ago, Earth Day was founded to increase awareness about our protecting the environment. Adele Morris says the call for action to control climate change is greater than ever and urges President Obama and other world leaders to work together on this critical issue.

Carbon Market Conundrum: How To Build a Better Safety Valve

Thu, 26 Mar 2009 00:00:00 GMT

Of all the controversial elements of cap-and-trade policy, none has proven more difficult to resolve than the debate over “cost containment.” Bryan Mignone explores two key objectives for architects of climate policy to grapple with while framing the issue.

Strengthening American Competitiveness: Regaining Our Competitive Edge

Thu, 12 Feb 2009 00:00:00 GMT

As U.S. policy-makers focus on how to strengthen the U.S. economy in the midst of the financial crisis, Brookings competitiveness experts stress the need for a longer-term view with policy priorities focused on how to rebuild American competitiveness through investments in people, infrastructure, ideas and green transformation.

Fuel Efficiency Standards: A Detour from the Cheapest Climate Protection

Tue, 03 Feb 2009 00:00:00 GMT

President Obama recently announced his administration would consider California’s request for higher fuel efficiency standards as part of new efforts on climate change. Yet would improved standards really make a difference in the climate change challenge? Adele Morris examines the issues in-depth, and considers how increased regulatory standards would stack up against the other proposals being considered by the new administration and Congress.

Double Jeopardy: What the Climate Crisis Means for the Poor

Mon, 02 Feb 2009 00:00:00 GMT

Climate change and global development are two of the most critical challenges facing global policymakers. In a new report, "Double Jeopardy: What the Climate Crisis Means for the Poor" Brookings experts detail these interrelated issues based on discussions at the most recent Brookings Blum Roundtable on Poverty, featuring Dr. Steven Chu and former Vice President Al Gore, among others.

Expecting the Unexpected: Macroeconomic Volatility and Climate Policy

Sun, 30 Nov 2008 00:00:00 GMT

The global financial crisis underscores the importance of developing global climate change policies that can withstand major economic disruptions. In a new working paper, Warwick McKibbin, Adele Morris, and Peter Wilcoxen examine the effects of unexpected economic shocks on three potential climate change policy regimes.

Towards a Realistic Global Climate Agreement

Sun, 30 Nov 2008 00:00:00 GMT

Warwick McKibbin and Peter Wilcoxen write that as a mechanism for controlling climate change, the Kyoto Protocol has not been a success. They offer an alternative framework for international climate policy, the McKibbin-Wilcoxen Hybrid3 as an approach that focuses on coordinated actions rather than mandated, inflexible outcomes.

Technological Scarcity, Compliance Flexibility and the Optimal Time Path of Emissions Abatement

Tue, 25 Nov 2008 00:00:00 GMT

The economic costs of a cap-and-trade system will depend on the extent to which the program facilitates compliance flexibility. Bryan Mignone compares the costs of different cap-and-trade policy architectures and estimates the economic value of realizing flexibility with respect to the timing of emissions abatement.

Prices in Emissions Permit Markets

Mon, 24 Nov 2008 00:00:00 GMT

Establishment of a mandatory cap-and-trade system in the United States remains an essential element of a comprehensive response to the global climate problem. Bryan Mignone considers the expected evolution of allowance prices in the future carbon market and what this implies for the design of provisions to limit the economic costs of such a program.

Australian and International Climate Change Policy

Thu, 30 Oct 2008 15:00:00 GMT

Event Information:

October 30, 2008, 3:00 PM to 4:15 PM

On October 30, the Brookings Institution, in conjunction with the Lowy Institute for International Policy and the International Food Policy Research Institute, will host Professor Ross Garnaut for a discussion on climate change policy. The occasion will also mark the launch of The Garnaut Climate Change Review in the United States.

Top 10 Global Economic Challenges Facing America's 44th President

Fri, 10 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT

As President-Elect Obama prepares to lead the United States, what are the top global economic challenges facing the new president and his advisors and how should the new administration address them? A new report by Brookings global economic and development experts ranks the top 10 issues and details specific ideas for how to tackle the toughest challenges.

The Complexities of Carbon Cap-and-Trade Policies: Early Lessons from the States

Thu, 09 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT

Trading of emissions under a cap-and-trade regime has received prominent attention as a possible approach to reducing the carbon dioxide emissions that contribute to climate change. On September 25, one regional cap-and-trade program, involving ten Northeastern states, has already begun operation through an initial auctioning of carbon allowances. This poses many important issues of federalism, writes Barry Rabe, as the federal government begins to play catchup with states and will have to give thought to sorting out federal and state responsibilities.

China’s Balancing Act: Economic Growth, Climate Change and the Environment

Thu, 18 Sep 2008 13:45:00 GMT

Event Information:

September 18, 2008, 1:45 PM to 5:00 PM

On September 18, experts from the Brookings Institution, the Earth Institute of Columbia University and the Academy of Macroeconomic Research under the National Development and Reform Commission of China discussed China’s economic outlook within the context of climate change, the potential for alternative energy use in China and the specifics of China’s greenhouse gas emissions challenges and water crisis.

7 Years to Climate Midnight

Thu, 28 Aug 2008 00:00:00 GMT

Global warming—among the most complex economic, political and diplomatic challenges of our time—has become a central focus of the presidential campaign, with both candidates supporting the creation of a cap-and-trade system that would limit national emissions. Strobe Talbott and Carlos Pascual argue that the U.S. must take the lead now in facing the annual buildup in greenhouse gas emissions that threatens global catastrophe.

How to Include Terrestrial Carbon in Developing Nations in the Overall Climate Change Solution

Thu, 31 Jul 2008 00:00:00 GMT

In a new report by the Terrestrial Carbon Group, Senior Fellow Warwick McKibbin and co-author Ralph Ashton, argue that policymakers should consider action to unlock the potential of terrestrial carbon, including trees, soil and peat, to help alleviate climate change.

Exploring China’s Growth and the International Climate Framework

Mon, 21 Jul 2008 00:00:00 GMT

Climate change may be the key obstacle in preventing China from reaching equivalent living standards with the Western world. Warwick McKibbin, Peter Wilcoxen, and Wing Thye Woo analyze the future of international climate change agreements and offer recommendations on how to engage China, continue growth and establish an effective framework.

Australia and the Garnaut Approach to Climate Change: Right Direction, Wrong Policy

Mon, 07 Jul 2008 00:00:00 GMT

A draft report of the Garnaut Climate Change Review, released on July 4, 2008, attempts to lay out the issues for policy choice on climate change in Australia. Warwick McKibbin argues that Garnaut’s proposed emissions trading system, filled with too many uncertainties, disregards a vital international perspective.

Australia and Climate Change: Moving Toward an Effective Framework

Sun, 06 Jul 2008 00:00:00 GMT

Following the release of the draft report of the Garnaut Climate Change Review in Australia, Warwick McKibbin was interviewed by Alan Kohler of ABC's "Inside Business," and discussed his views on the report and his own proposals for international climate change policies. Instead of Garnaut’s proposed emissions trading system, McKibbin advocates for a framework that includes clear, transparent, long-term goals with less uncertainty.

Sensible Climate Policy: Green Goals With Long Aim

Thu, 03 Jul 2008 00:00:00 GMT

As Australia faces a critical point in designing a national climate-policy framework, it could help drive the global debate on the type of policies to be enacted in a post-Kyoto world. Warwick McKibbin advocates for a national system that combines long-term emissions trading and a short-term fixed price for carbon.

Building on Kyoto: Towards a Realistic Global Climate Agreement and What Australia Should Do

Thu, 03 Jul 2008 12:00:00 GMT

Event Information:

July 03, 2008, 12:00 PM to 2:00 PM

On July 3, 2008, the Australian National University hosted Warwick McKibbin for a presentation on Australia's role in the search for a sensible climate policy. This lecture draws on a new report that builds on Kyoto but which addresses the key elements needed to build a truly global regime. The lecture also outlines why a traditional cap and trade emission trading system as proposed by some is inadequate to deal with the uncertainty that underlies climate change and is not in Australia’s national interest.

Climate Change, Trade and Competitiveness: Is a Collision Inevitable?

Mon, 09 Jun 2008 08:15:00 GMT

Event Information:

June 09, 2008, 8:15 AM to 6:00 PM

On June 9, 2008, Brookings convened more than 70 stakeholders for a conference on “Climate Change, Trade and Competitiveness.” The conference was led by Lael Brainard and focused on how climate change presents a new set of challenges for the world trading system and potential strategies to mitigate future conflicts.

Australian Climate Change Policy Built on Shaky Foundation

Fri, 28 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT

The Garnaut Climate Change Review, commissioned by Australia's state and territory governments, examines the impacts of climate change on the Australian economy and makes recommendations for sustainable prosperity. Warwick McKibbin examines the science the review is based on and the political cloud that hovers over the climate debate.

Climate Change and the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit

Mon, 03 Mar 2008 14:00:00 GMT

Event Information:

March 03, 2008, 2:00 PM to 3:30 PM

On March 3, the Brookings Institution hosted the top Japanese and U.S. climate change advisors for a discussion on their governments’ respective policy initiatives. The speakers explored options for a new international framework on climate change and discuss the role of the Hokkaido Summit as a critical milestone in ongoing climate policy negotiations.

Challenges Facing the Climate Change Conference

Thu, 29 Nov 2007 17:07:40 GMT

As delegates gather for the U.N. Climate Change Conference in Bali, Indonesia this week, world leaders will try to devise a comprehensive agreement on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Brookings scholar Warwick McKibbin says the issues are complex with both environmental and economic considerations.

Economist calls for bipartisan approach on climate

Mon, 05 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMT

As discussion of global warming in Australia heats up, Brookings Scholar Warwick Mckibbin argues little was achieved by the recent debate and says Australia may be better served if the parties worked together on the issue.

An Equitable Tax Reform to Address Global Climate Change

Tue, 30 Oct 2007 00:00:00 GMT

Gilbert E. Metcalf, a Hamilton Project expert, argues that strong political, administrative, and efficiency arguments can be made for the superiority of a carbon tax to a cap-and-trade scheme.

A U.S. Cap-and-Trade System to Address Global Climate Change

Tue, 30 Oct 2007 00:00:00 GMT

Robert N. Stavins, a Hamilton Project expert, argues that a cap-and-trade system is the better approach for the United States in the short to medium term—and more likely to be politically successful.

A Climate of Change: Economic Approaches to Reforming Energy and Protecting the Environment

Tue, 30 Oct 2007 09:00:00 GMT

Event Information:

October 30, 2007, 9:00 AM to 12:30 PM

High energy prices and harmful environmental practices call for new policy directions. The Hamilton Project released three new papers on market mechanisms to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and proposals to expand —and possibly restructure—the federal research and development program for new greenhouse gas reducing technologies.

Brookings Institution Launches Global Economy and Development Program

Fri, 05 Oct 2007 19:07:52 GMT

News release (6/30/06)

Blueprint for a Flexible, Sensible Climate Policy

Tue, 05 Jun 2007 00:00:00 GMT

The release of the final report by the Prime Ministerial Task Group on Emissions Trading marks a new stage in the debate on how to implement realistic climate change policy. The timing of this excellent report is particularly important because it has the potential to be a strategy for climate policy at the global level as well as in Australia.

A Credible Foundation for Long Term International Cooperation on Climate Change

Mon, 01 May 2006 00:00:00 GMT

Warwick McKibbin and Peter Wilcoxen propose a detailed climate change policy that establishes long-term incentives for investments in new energy-sector capital, and in research and development, as well as enhancing coordination and collaboration between countries, rather than on coercion.

Environmental Consequences of Rising Energy Use in China

Thu, 01 Dec 2005 00:00:00 GMT

Paper by Warwick J. McKibbin, Asian Economic Policy Review (December 2005)

Global Climate Change Policy Beyond 2012

Wed, 23 Nov 2005 00:00:00 GMT

Opinion by Warwick J. McKibbin, The Brookings Institution (11/23/05)

Climate Pact a Good Beginning

Mon, 01 Aug 2005 00:00:00 GMT

Opinion by Warwick J. McKibbin, Australian Financial Review (8/1/05)

Convergence and Per Capita Carbon Emissions

Sun, 01 May 2005 00:00:00 GMT

Paper by Alison Stegman and Warwick J. McKibbin (May 2005)

Sensible Climate Policy

Tue, 01 Feb 2005 00:00:00 GMT

Paper by Warwick J. McKibbin, The Lowy Institute for International Policy (February 2005)

Climate Policy and Uncertainty: The Roles of Adaptation versus Mitigation

Sat, 01 May 2004 00:00:00 GMT

Paper by Warwick J. McKibbin and Peter J. Wilcoxen

Long Run Projections for Climate Change Scenarios

Thu, 01 Apr 2004 00:00:00 GMT

Paper by Warwick J. McKibbin, David Pearce, and Alison Stegman (4/04)

Moving Beyond Kyoto

Mon, 01 Oct 2001 00:00:00 GMT

Policy Brief #66, by Warwick J. McKibbin (October 2000)

The Next Step for US Climate Change Policy

Tue, 26 Jun 2001 00:00:00 GMT

Opinion by Warwick McKibbin, Non-Resident Senior Fellow, and Peter Wilcoxen, Non-Resident Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution, June 26, 2001

Energy Price Controls: Been There, Done That

Mon, 21 May 2001 00:00:00 GMT

Opinion by Robert Litan, Director, Economic Studies, The Brookings Institution, and Philip Verleger, Economist, in The Washington Post, May 21, 2001

The Next Step for Climate Change Policy

Tue, 01 Feb 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Paper on Climate change by Warwick J. McKibbin and Peter J. Wilcoxen (02/2000)

Until We Know More About Global Warming, the Best Policy is a Highly Flexible One

Fri, 02 Jul 1999 00:00:00 GMT

Article by Warwick J. McKibbin and Peter J. Wilcoxen, Nonresident Senior Fellows, The Brookings Institution

Forecasting the World Economy Using Dynamic Intertemporal General Equilibrium Multi-Country Models

Mon, 01 Feb 1999 00:00:00 GMT

Brookings Discussion Papers in International Economics

What to Expect from an International System of Tradable Permits for Carbon Emissions

Mon, 01 Feb 1999 00:00:00 GMT

Brookings Discussion Papers in International Economics, Number 143

Reducing Coal Subsidies and Trade Barriers: Their Contributions to Greenhouse Gas Abatement

Sat, 01 Nov 1997 00:00:00 GMT

Brookings Discussion Papers in International Economics

Salvaging the Kyoto Climate Change Negotiations

Sat, 01 Nov 1997 00:00:00 GMT

Policy Brief #27, by Warwick J. McKibbin and Peter J. Wilcoxen (November 1997)

A Better Way to Slow Global Climate Change

Sun, 01 Jun 1997 00:00:00 GMT

Policy Brief #17, by Warwick J. McKibbin and Peter J. Wilcoxen (June 1997)

The Theoretical and Empirical Structure of the G-Cubed Model

Fri, 01 Dec 1995 00:00:00 GMT

Brookings Discussion Papers in International Economics

Economic Implications of Greenhouse Gas Policy

Sun, 01 Oct 1995 00:00:00 GMT

Brookings Discussion Papers in International Economics